Who Else
is Doing It?
Case Studies
The City of Davis.
The city of Davis is the largest urbanized area
located in Yolo County, in California's Central
Valley. In 1995 this city won the title of
America's Best Cycling City from the Bicycle
Federation of America, and the League of
American Bicyclists designated the city of Davis
as a “Bicycle Friendly Community” in May 2000.
The abundance of bicyclists in the city has its
origin in the use of bicycles by the students of
the University of California-Davis.
Historically, the population and geographic
growth of the city has been driven by enrollment
in the university. With the growth of number of
students from 2,200 in 1958 to its current
enrollment of 25,000, the demands for adequate
bicycle facilities have continued to rise. The
demand was felt decades back – when the primary
issue of the April 1966 City Council election
was the provision of bicycleways for commuters
on public streets. After the pro-bicycleway
candidates were elected, a trial system of
bicycle lanes was installed and was proved to be
very popular. Since then, the city bicycleway
system has steadily expanded.
Currently, Davis
has 48.8 miles of bicycle lanes and 49 miles of
bicycle paths –in a city of just over ten square
miles in area. More than 80 percent of all
collector and arterial streets within the city
have bicycle lanes and/or bicycle paths.
According to the city's
Comprehensive Bicycle Plan, this is the
highest such ratio in any US city. Estimates
from the most current data available (1990)
indicate that 20-25 percent of trips are taken
by bicycle. This is a high percentage —
for most cities, 2-3 percent is considered to be
significant. Even with the increases in the
city's population and changing demographics,
there continues to be a dedicated population of
cyclists who utilize bicycles as their primary
commute mode. The Davis
Comprehensive Bicycle
Plan also describes the University of
California-Davis, where the majority of students
live off campus. Approximately up to 48% (or
15,000) students ride bicycles or walk to class,
and up to 20% (or 1800) of faculty and staff
walk or ride their bicycles to campus.
Though
many of the university-based bicycle commuters
live in Davis, some bicycle from as far away as
Sacramento or Woodland — both cities are 12 to
14 miles from Davis.
For the rest of Davis residents, use of bicycles
is also quite high. There are no public school
buses in the Davis Joint Unified School
District, so many school-aged children walk or
ride their bicycles to school. Parents who
commute to work on bicycles transport their
young children in bicycle trailers and drop them
off to school on their way to work. Out of a
population of 55,000 residents, it is estimated
there are over 50,000 bicycles in the city of
Davis.
Bicycle policies in the General Plan update of
the City of Davis has the following guiding
policies:
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Assure safe and
convenient bicycle access to all areas of
the city |
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Promote use of
bicycles as a viable and attractive
alternative to cars.
Some of the Implementing Policies are: |
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Provide bicycle
lanes along all collector and arterial
streets |
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Consider
bicycle-operating characteristics in the
design of intersections and traffic
control systems |
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Develop and
implement bicycle parking standards |
Portland, Oregon. Probably the most common type
of bike-friendly policy is a bicycle parking
requirement. Many communities, such as Portland,
Oregon; Palo Alto, California; and Madison,
Wisconsin have adopted government ordinances
that require bicycle parking at office
buildings, commercial centers, and other areas.
If these ordinances were not in place (for
instance, it was a part of the bicycle plan
recommendations but was never officially
adopted) building managers probably wouldn’t
install as much, or any parking for bikes.
You should check
what bicycle parking requirements your own city
has, or read more about bicycle parking from the
City of Portland’s bicycle parking guide webpage.
Seattle, Washington. Sometimes it’s claimed that
bicycle projects “divert” or siphon off federal
transportation dollars that might otherwise be
used for “more important” projects, i.e., those
that benefit motor vehicles. The City of Seattle
found an elegant way around this barrier. The
city developed project evaluation criteria that
give credit for the beneficial outcomes of bicycling
and motorized transportation. This has allowed
bicycle projects and programs to score well
against other potential projects and receive
higher priority for funding. And, roadway
improvements that included bike facilities
scored better than other road improvements that
did not. TIPs should contain both bike-specific
projects and projects that include incidental
improvements for bikes.
Sample Project Selection Criteria used in
Seattle, Washington:
The following Project selection criteria awards
high scores for transportation capital projects
that have a high potential for increasing
bicycle use or to solve a safety concern.
Typically, projects that score high will be
those that provide intermodal links, remove
major barriers (e.g. bridge access), are in a
neighborhood plan or connect neighborhoods to
employment centers, and are identified as
"planned" urban trails in the Comprehensive
Plan.
10 points:
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Project will
significantly increase bicycling by
removing a major barrier (e.g. bridge
access) or by promoting intermodal trips
(e.g. trail to major transit stop) |
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Project solves a
major safety problem (e.g. access across a
major arterial) |
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Project is
consistent with the principles identified
in the Comprehensive Plan. |
5 points:
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Project will
increase bicycling by removing a barrier
or solve a safety problem for bicyclists,
including those with special needs |
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Project is in a
neighborhood plan |
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Project provides
an important link to transit |
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Project is
supported by community/neighborhood group
and/or special interest group. |
0 points:
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Project would
benefit only a few individuals |
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Project is not in
any adopted or neighborhood plan |
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Project does not
solve an access or safety issue. |
-5 points:
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Project reduces
bicycle access and safety |
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Project is
inconsistent with Comprehensive Plan |
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Project is opposed
by community/neighborhood group and/or
special interest group |
-10 points:
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Project creates a
major barrier to bicycle access |
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Project creates a
major safety problem for bicyclists |
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Project is opposed
by all entrusted neighborhood and special
interest groups (i.e. no one supports the
project) |
Hampton, Virginia. Why get kids involved?
Because a high percentage of bicyclists are
children and today’s children are tomorrow’s
bicycle advocates. One model for getting young
people involved in advocating for better
bicycling conditions is YBEN, or the Youth
Bicycle Education Network. Following the model
established by YBEN, one middle school in
Hampton, Virginia achieved all of the following
in just six months’ time.
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Established a
bicycle club for over 20 at-risk middle
school students |
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Received grant
awards of more than $13,000 |
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Learned simple
bicycle mechanics and maintenance |
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Attended a
statewide bicycle education conference |
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Worked with local
planning officials to update bike route
maps for the city |
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Transported the
bike maps to city hall |
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Learned about
bicycle safety, rules of the road, safe
bike handling, and wearing a bicycle
helmet |
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Taught other
students about bicycle safety at an
elementary school |
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Participated in
established bicycle events within the
region |
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Hosted a bicycle
rodeo |
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Made a
presentation at the local Kiwanis club |
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Received
endorsement from the local school board |
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Received mayor’s
proclamation of national bike month |
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Made a
presentation at a state transportation
conference |
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Received
recognition in a local newspaper |
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Received
recognition in a national bicycle magazine |
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Collaborated with
41 different agencies and volunteers |
 
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